I dedicate this book to my best friend Aryaman!

Families in the Periodic Table

Families in the periodic table are vertical columns. Each element in a specific family usually has the same number of valence electrons on the outside of the nucleus. In total, there are exactly 18 families present in the periodic table. These range from alicane metals to noble gasses. 

Periods in the Periodic Table

Periods in the periodic table are horizontal rows. Each element in a specific period usually has an equal amount of energy shells located on the outside of the nucleus. In total, there are exactly 7 periods in the periodic table. These range from period 1 to period 7.

The Role Of Protons

The role of protons is to help bind the nucleus together. In addition, protons create the positive charge of the atom inside an element, which is how you can identify the atom element. This is used to determine the placement of elements in the periodic table.

Elemental Properties

Metals have high melting points and are good conductors of heat and electricity. They are located on the left-hand side of the periodic table. Nonmetals have low meltaing points and are poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are located on the right-hand side of the periodic table. Metalloids have properties of both metals and nonmentals and they are located in the middle of the perotic table.

Valence Electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons located on the outer shell. In addition, they are also the electrons that are farthest from the nucleus. The role of valence electrons and they can participate in the formation of chemical bonds. Near both ends of the periodic table, the elements are the most reactive. However, the closer you get to the center the less reactive the elements get.

Families of The Periodic Table

Alkali Metals

The elements located in the Alkali Metals family consist of lithium, sodium, and potassium to name a few. Some physical and chemical properties that these elements share are that they are shiny, soft, and are highly reactive at standard temperature and pressure. Everyday uses for sodium are salt; while everyday uses for potassium is a banana.

Alkaline Earth Metals

The elements located in the alkaline earth metals family consist of beryllium, magnesium, and calcium to name a few. Some physical and chemical properties that these elements share are that they are shiny, have low boiling points, and are somewhat reactive metals at standard temperature and pressure. Everyday uses for calcium are milk while everyday uses for magnesium are oats.