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Project manager: Van Phong

Editor: Long Nguyen, Nhat Minh

Graphic designer : Thien Nhan

                                                  PROLOGUE

 “Nothing is created for nothing” 

A book, when written, has the purpose of aiming for the benefit of people. Moreover, when you want to launch a new product, the first thing that manufacturers and distributors need to pay attention to researches the audience they serve, and the target audience can influence them. Therefore, the book “School Age Psychology” is a topic on student psychology.

Investigate of people human psychology is one of the things that has been formed for a long time, especially for school-age psychology. Every one of us has experienced this problem up and down. This is an issue that we need to pay more attention to. And the following content will show you and answer questions that you don’t know.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Psychology of junior high school students:

  1.1 location and stage. (page 5)

  1.2 conditions of development. (page 9)

    a. Physiological changes.

    b. changes in living conditions.

2. Psychology of high school students:

  2.1 location and stage. (page 17)

  2.2 conditions of development. (page 20)

1.1 location and stage

Psychology of junior high school students

This is the stage of development of children from 11 to 15 years old, they are allowed to attend secondary school (from grades 6 - 9) This age group has a special place and importance in children’s development, as it is a transition period from childhood to adulthood. This is the age when they have a physical and mental leap, they are gradually separating from childhood to move on to a higher stage of development (adults) creating basic content and differences in all aspects of development: physical, intellectual, emotional, moral...

In adolescence, there is a parallel existence quot; both childish and adult&quot, which means their development depends on the conditions and activities of daily living. It always has two sides that are restraint and promotion. Restraint means that the children are passively learning and not knowing what to do, making them dependent. And promotion is the opposite, meaning not only intellectual growth but also physical growth, helping them become independent and confident. This is a very important period in shaping children’s thinking later on in social and ethical perspectives. Understanding the position and, helping us to have the right treatment and education so that they have a holistic personality.

1.2 conditions of development

  a. Physiological changes:

The teenager's body development is strong but unbalanced. make many changes in the child's body, in which the leap in height and sexual development - Their height increases suddenly, each year can increase from 5-6 cm; Annual body weight increases from 2.4-6 kg; Breast augmentation ... These are special factors in a child's physical development. In addition, the increase in muscle mass is also the most obvious, which usually occurs at the end of the period when children are noticeably stronger.

Nerve activity also changes, at this age, the process of euphoria is pronounced dominant, leading to the teenager not being able to control his emotions, unable to control his strong emotions. They are easily agitated, easily irritated, irritable, lose their temper ... The child's language has also changed. They speak more slowly, but this phenomenon is only temporary, about 15 years of age or older this phenomenon is more balanced.

Sexual maturity is the most important factor in the body development of a teenager. The gonads begin to work, and their bodies show secondary signs that make us realize they are in puberty. 

The puberty of girls is usually about 12-14 years old, the male begins and ends about 1.5-2 years slower than girls. This is significant in the arising of new psychological structures: our sense of true adultness; feelings of new sexual feelings, caring for the opposite sex.

    b. changes in living conditions:

 By this age, they have had certain roles, been recognized by their families as an active member of the family, assigned by their parents and brothers to quite capable responsibilities. Even quite a lot of them became the main workers, contributing to the increase of the family, they were aware of these tasks and performed actively. This is important and significant for them that parents no longer consider them small, but are more interested in their opinions, giving them the right to live more independently, setting higher requirements.