This book is dedicated to the cast of Spongebob and..
Bruce Springsteen.

This book was created and published on StoryJumper™

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Written by:
M. Fest and D. Doc

Welcome to the Krusty Krab!
Today we'll teach you youngsters
on how we can relate protein
makin, to whippin up a delicious
krabby patty!

I'll show you how I turn
the original formula, into
something every needs!

This is where it all starts, here
in my safe which in our bodies
is the nucleus. It keeps the formula
which is like our bodies DNA safe.

Here is the formula!
It is composed of phosphates
nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine, Thymine) , and deoxyribose
sugars that make a nucleotide!

The bun is
the phosphate.

There are 4 nitrogenous
bases in the DNA. The
sea pickles (Thymine)
which is always the same
as maritime mustard (Adenine).

The other two are
the cheese (Cytosine)
and the ketchup
(Guanine). They are also
always in the same amount.

This is how DNA is made up.
The phosphate and sugar keep
it in place, while the pairs hold
the sides together.

Take a minute to go over what we just talked
about, before the next step. Make sure you know
the structure of DNA. What is made up of DNA?

Yup, you got it. Nucleotides, nitrogenous bases,
and phosphates. Look back at the diagram so you
know how it looks!

Back here in the kitchen, Spongebob needs a copy of the DNA
to make the krabby patties. Mr. Krabs also needs copies of the
formula for other Krusty Krab restaurants. This is like DNA
replication in our bodies!

DNA is replicated by the DNA helicase coming through and
separating the two strands of DNA. Then free nucleotides pair
up with the loose nitrogenous bases, and the DNA polymerase
brings the two together. Now there are two new and two total
strands of DNA. This is necessary so information can be copied,
and more cells are in the body. Like more formulas of the krabby patty formula.

Clarify and make sure you understand
what we just talked about. Be sure you understand
how DNA is replicated. What splits it apart, and then
what helps connect it back together?

The helicase spreads it apart, and the polyermase
brings it together! Good job! Let's move on.

Aargh lads! I need to give the message
of the formula to Spongebob! In fact,
this is just like the messenger RNA (mRNA)
in the body telling a code for what protein
to make.

Next we will delve into how RNA is formed
from DNA, and how this makes proteins!
RNA is formed through a process called
Transcription.

Like Mr. Krabs needs to get to Spongebob to make the krabby
patties, the DNA makes a message in the form of mRNA to
send out to the ribosome to make protein. The RNA polymerase
takes a split DNA and forms nucleotides (with nitrogenous bases)
that are pairs matching with one side of the DNA. Once this occurs
the RNA moves outside of the DNA the opposite way the RNA polymerase
is moving. Once a signal is received, it is terminated. This mRNA will go out
into the cell and find a ribosome to start translation.

So now that I have
the recipe how will
I cook the krabby patties?

Good question Spongebob. Like the body Spongebob is
the piece of the puzzle the final product (protein/patty)
is constructed through. The ribosome has all the work
go through it, just like Spongebob in the kitchen.