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This is Clifford. He is 10 years old. 

He likes to play guitar and video 

games. He also likes MAGNETS!!!

Ever since he was born, Clifford has 

loved magnets. He loves to play with 

them and make structures out of his 

many magnets.

As Clifford got older, he became an 

expert in magnets. His teacher, Mr. 

Bob, also loved magnets and helped 

Clifford understand how they worked.

One day, Mr. Bob gave Clifford a 

lesson he would never forget. He 

finally explained how and why 

magnets acted the way they acted. 

It had something to do with things 

called atoms. "Everything we see in 

the world is made up of small 

particles called atoms," he said.

"This is how they look inside the 

atom. The protons have a positive 

charge. Electrons have a negative 

charge, and neutrons are neutral, 

they have no charge," explained Mr. 

Bob. "The one responsible for 

magnets is the electron."

"Neutrons and protons are together 

in the center of the atom (which is 

called the nucleus), and electrons 

spin around them. For today, we will 

only look at the electrons."

"When many atoms are put 

together, the electrons inside them 

create things called domains. These 

are small groups of electrons that 

are close together. In magnets, 

these domains line up. In objects 

that are not magnets, they are not 

lined up."

"There are certain materials that aren't 

magnetic but can become "magnetized". 

These materials are called "ferromagnetic 

materials", and are Cobalt, Nickel and Iron. 

They have domains that aren't lined up but 

when placed near a magnet, start lining 

up."

"As you have seen before, Clifford, 

magnets have a North pole and a 

South pole. The 'North' pole is 

actually where the aligned domains 

point to. The 'South' pole is the 

opposite of where the aligned 

domains point to."

"Magnets can be used for more 

things than just playing. They are 

used in factories and in different 

industries such as electronics and 

are used in computers and in the 

television! Computer storage disks 

have an iron material that stores tiny 

magnetic fields in a pattern, and that 

is how we store information on the 

computer disks."

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