GASTROINTESTINAL UNIT

1-The stomach secretes gastric acid to aid in the digestion of food.

 2-The small intestine absorbs nutrients from digested food particles.

 3-The pancreas produces enzymes that help break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

 4-Bile, produced by the liver, emulsifies fats in the small intestine.

 5-Peristalsis moves food through the esophagus into the stomach.

 6-The colon absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested food, forming feces.

 7-Gastritis can cause inflammation of the stomach lining, leading to discomfort.

 8-Chyme is the semi-liquid mixture of food and digestive juices in the stomach.

 9-The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile before releasing it into the small intestine. 

10-The mucosa of the intestines contains villi, which increase surface area for nutrient absorption

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

1-The heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the arteries.

 2-Veins return deoxygenated blood back to the heart for reoxygenation.

 3-Atherosclerosis is a condition where plaque builds up in the arteries, narrowing them. 

4-The cardiac cycle includes systole (contraction) and diastole (relaxation) of the heart chambers.

 5-Hypertension, or high blood pressure, can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

 6-The capillaries facilitate the exchange of nutrients and waste products between blood and tissues. 

7-The sinoatrial node initiates the electrical impulse that regulates heart rhythm.

 8-Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients. 

9-Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases affecting the heart muscle. 

10-Pulmonary circulation carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation.