Antarctica

Canadian Arctic Archipelago

Greenland

High-altitude areas of the Svalbard Islands, Novaya Zemlya, Severanya Zemlya, covered with small ice caps.

- Between 60° and 90° latitude North and South

     LOCATION

 Polar climate: only one season- continuous winter

        - the average annual temperature is negative; due to low precipitation (approx. 200mm/year), which falls only as snow, this snow becomes compressed and turns into ice masses that, in Antarctica and Greenland, reach thicknesses of up to 2000 meters.

        - Polar winds

The lowest temperature ever recorded was at the  Vostok Station, in 1960 ( -89,2° C)

          CLIMATE

Soils and vegetation are absent.

The fauna is limited and includes : the polar bear (Northern Hemisphere), which is the largest land carnivore, the penguin (Southern Hemisphere), the arctic fox (Greenland) and the blue whale, the largest mammal in the world.

VEGETATION, FAUNA, SOILS

Human settlements are few, and only in the Arctic regions.

In Antarctica, there are omly scientific research stations belonging to the USA, Russia, Australa, etc. and since 2006, also to Romania.

HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

With a surface area of 14 million km square kilometers, it is the largest desert in the world.

If all the ice in Antarctica melted completely, sea  levels would rise by 60 meters, flooding some of the largest cities in the world.

It contains approximately 70% of the Earth's freshwater reserves.

The largest iceberg in the world is - Iceberg B-15, with a length of  295 km and a width of 37 km.

    ANTARCTICA

-It is an island territory in the North Atlantic Ocean and it is the largest island in the world.

-The soils are called permafrost

- Fauna: Polar bears, Arctic foxes, reindeer, Arctic hares.

- It is almost entirely covered by an ice cap.  

This vast ice sheet is the second largest in the world after Antarctica. Despite its isolation, it is a vital location for scientific research, with the ice cap providing essential information about climate change.

GREENLAND