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This is Miles. He is a very curious boy. He is always 

asking questions. Specifically, about science. 

Miles loves learning about anything that has to do 

with Science. He wants to know everything, like the 

Earth, electricity the elements, the Periodic 

Table, the kingdoms, classification, and the 

cell. 

His teacher, Mrs. Thomas, 

is always happy to answer 

all of his questions. 

On the first day, Miles asked Mrs. Thomas about the planet Earth. Mrs. 

Thomas explained everything she could.

She told him that Earth has different communities, populations, 

ecosystems, and biospheres.

She explained that the biosphere is what is the surface of the Earth. This 

is where all living things live. This is divided up into three more 

components. 

She told him that the lithosphere is the layer with soil and solid 

matter. 

And the hydrosphere, which is the liquid layer, or environment, of 

Earth. 

Finally, she told him about the atmosphere, which is the thin layer 

around the whole planet. 

She told him that all of these things worked together to keep the Earth a 

good place for all living things to live. 

On the second day, Miles asked about the different kingdoms. 

Mrs. Thomas told him that there are six kingdoms. Each kingdom has different 

characteristics. These include being unicellular, having only one cell, or 

multicellular, having many cells. Another is being prokaryotic, having no 

nucleus or eukaryotic, having a nucleus. Finally, being a heterotroph, having to 

eat for energy, or an autrotroph, producing energy by itself.

The six kingdoms are: animalia (humans and animals), plantae (plants), fungi 

(mushrooms), protista (amoeba), archaebacteria (halophiles), and eubacteria 

(E. Coli).

Most organisms are multicellular and eukaryotic- animalia, plantae, fungi (some 

unicellular), and protista (this is an exception, mostly unicellular with some 

multicellular).

Only archaebacteria and eubacteria are unicellular and prokaryotic and both auto- 

and heterotrophic (protista are also both hetero- and autotrophic). 

Kingdoms animalia and fungi are heterotrophic. Kindgom plantae is autotrophic.

On the third day, Miles wanted to know about classification. 

Mrs. Thomas told Miles that there are seven levels of classification - kingdom, 

phylum, class, order, family, genus, species (most general to most specific).

Each level becomes more specific as you continue. Mrs. Thomas showed Miles an 

example of classifying a Domestic Cat. 

She showed him how each level got more specific.

• Kingdom: animalia (all animals & humans)

• Phylum: chordata (having a backbone - 

excludes all invertebrates)

• Class: mammalia (animals that do not lay eggs)

• Order: carnivora (only meat-eating animals)

• Family: felidae (all cats - cats, lions, etc)

• Genus: Felis (small cats)

• Species: felis catus (house cats)

On the fourth day, Miles wanted to know about the parts of the cell. 

Mrs. Thomas told miles that there are two kinds of cells - animal cells and plant 

cells. Both cells have very similar parts, called organelles. 

Cells are the starting point for all organisms. They hold all of the biological 

information necessary for a cell to function. 

The only differences between the two cell types is that plant cells have a cell wall - 

provides supports and protection - and   a green chloroplast - uses energy and 

releases oxygen. 

Even with those differences each cell still contains organelles essential to the cell 

itself.

Cell membrane: provides support and protection to the cell

Nucleus: controls the cell activities

Nuclear Membrane: controls what enters and exits the nucleus

Cytoplasm: supports and protects organelles

Endoplasmic Reticulum: carries materials through the cell

Ribosome: breaks down proteins

Vacuole: stores food and water

Lysosome: digests old cells parts

Golgi Apparatus: modifies, packages, and exports proteins

Mitochondrion: breaks down sugar

On the fifth day, Miles wanted to know about mitosis. The simple 

definition is the duplication of DNA and creates two new daughter cells. 

There are five phases in mitosis. 

1. Prophase: a cell decides it's time to divide. This is when the cells 

prepares for division.

2. Metaphase: everything is in the right place for the split. The DNA lines 

up on the central axis (the middle) and the centrioles send out special 

tubules to connect the the DNA (or chromatin) which has now been 

condensed into chromosomes, to the centromere in the center of the 

cell.

3. Anaphase: this is when the separation begins. Half of the chromosomes 

are pulled in one direction, while the other half is pulled in another. 

4. Telophase: the division is done at this point. Now, the cell membrane 

will close in and divide the cell into two, each new cell containing half of the 

original DNA. 

5. Interphase: now, the cell is in a normal state, also called the resting 

state. At this point, the cell is making sure it survives and gets all the 

nutrients it needs. It's also preparing for another division, that will one 

day happen.

On the sixth day, Miles asked about the Scientific Method.   Mrs. Thomas 

told him that the Scientific Method is a 7-step process. 

1. Make an observation/ask a question: What are you curious about? 

What do you want to know?

2. Do some research: find some information on the topic you want to know 

about.

3. Form a hypothesis: take a guess or predict what your results will be.

4. Conduct an experiment: create a test or procedure that will allow you 

to determine whether or not your hypothesis is correct. 

5. Analysis: record your data.

6. Conclusion: review the data you collected to see if your hypothesis was 

correct.

7. Compare: compare your data to others. Was it different?

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