The Sahara Desert is at the top of the continent named Africa. It's a climatic desert, with the general climate being humid and dry. The north side of the Sahara has cool winters and hot summers, while the south has dry, mild winters, hot and humid springtime, and a rainy summer. The average temperature up in the north is 68 degrees Fahrenheit, while the south average is 55 degrees Fahrenheit. There are two rivers in the Sahara, the Nile River and the Niger River. This desert also has many underground reservoirs and lakes, but only one lake, Lake Chad, has drinkable water. Lake Chad is on the edge of the south side of the Sahara. Rainfall averages about 5 inches per year, with some areas receiving less than 1 inch. The soil in the desert have minimal organic matter or biological organisms. The soil itself is frequently saline.

Camels are able to live in the Sahara because of the hot temperatures and the many water sources. There are also many animals, like frogs and toads, that live in the lakes and rivers. The plant life in the Sahara is mainly bunches of grasses and shrubs.

Energy flow always starts with the producers, like grass or the very few trees in the Sahara, then the energy flows into the air with heat or into vegetarians or omnivores like zebras and coyotes. The energy is then flowed into the air again with heat or into decomposers like bacteria. Energy is again flowed into the air by heat or Abiotic chemicals like oxygen or minerals which flow back into the producers.

There are many different food chains in the Sahara desert. But they all start with the sun, giving nutrients to the plants. Then, for example, a wood rat eats seeds on a saguaro cactus. Then a diamond rattlesnake eats the rat, and finally, a red-tailed hawk eats the snake.