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page 2- Judaism
page 3- Leader and Beginnings Timeline
page 4- Holy Writings and Guidelines
page 5- Beliefs and Influence
page 6- Christianity
page 7- Leader and Beginnings Timeline
page 8- Holy Writings and Guidelines
page 9- Beliefs and Influence
page 10- Hinduism
page 11- Leader and Beginnings Tmeline
page 12- Holy Writings and Guidlines
page 13- Beliefs and Influence
page 14- Buddhism
page 15- Leader and Beginnings Timeline
page 16- Holy Writings and Guidelines
page 17- Beliefs and Influence
page 18- Islamic/Muslim
page 19- Leader and Beginnings Timeline
page 20- Holy Writings and Guidelines
page 21- Beliefs and Influence
page 22- Confucianism
page 23- Leader and Beginnings Timeline
page 24- Holy Writings and Guidelines
page 25- Beliefs and Influence
page 26- Connections to the World Today
page 27- Where, Who, Why
page 28- Cover picture
Table of Contents


Judaism
Leader and Beginnings Timeline-In around 1800 B.C., Abraham and his family moved to Canaan.
Then they moved to Egypt in 1650 B.C.
-Moses was born, raised by an Egyptian princess, and then led
the Jews out of Egypt.
-Moses prayed and received God's Ten Commandments.
-Moses died and the Hebrews returned to Canaan. This is where
Abraham was.
-Hebrews were split up into 12 tribes.
-Hebrews came to be called Jews, and their religion, Judaism.
-The Jews united under three kings in the kingdom of Israel.

Holy Writings and Guidelines-The Hebrew Bible is the main holy book in this religion.
-The Torah was what the Jews called the first 5 books in
the Hebrew Bible. These writings were considered the
most sacred in their tradition.
-Prophets: Stories about and writings by Jewish
teachers. Also a part of the Bible
-Ten Commandments
-The Talmud contained written versions of Jewish oral
law.

Beliefs and Influence -One of the best ways to make God happy with you is to read
the scripture and live according to it.
-The main goal is to live a moral life, obeying God's laws.
-They believe in one God, Yahweh.
-Yahweh was not a physical being, so pictures were not to be
made of him.
-Abraham promised to obey Yahweh, so Yahweh promised to
protect Abraham and his descendants. This is called a covenant.
-Judaism has similarities to Christianity and Islam:
-one God
-the Ten Commandments (Christianity)
-descendants of Abraham
-Christian Bible's Old Testament and Jewish Torah
-the Hebrew idea of ethical monotheism

Christianity
Leader and Beginnings Timeline-Around 6 to 4 B.C., a Jew named Jesus is born.
-Jesus begins preaching, doing good works, and
performed miracles.
-In about 29 A.D., Jesus was crucified.
-People like Paul spread Christianity.
-Christian churches were created.

Holy Writings and Guidelines-The Ten Commandments are rules that
Christians are to live by.
-The Bible is the holy book of Christianity.

Beliefs and Influence-Paul was a huge influence in the spreading of Christianity.
He spent his whole life preaching the teachings of Christ.
-Christians are monotheists.
-Jesus stressed the relationship between God and every
single person.
-Jesus died for our sins.
-Jesus was the son of God.
-Christians believe in eternal life after death, in heaven.
-Many Christian beliefs are similar to Judaism and Islam.

Hinduism
Leader and Beginnings Timeline-Hinduism cannot be traced back to one
particular founder with one group of ideas.
-It has been around since before Christ,
because is about 750-550 B.C., Hindu teachers
tried to interpret hidden meanings of the Vedic
hymns.

Holy Writings and Guidelines-Upanishads: Hindu teachers'
interpretations of Vedic hymns.
-There isn't a special book or piece of
writing that gives specific direction to
Hindus.
-Hinduism is a collection of religious
beliefs.

Beliefs and Influence-Brahman is the world soul. It is sometimes seen as
having three personalities:
-Brahma (creator)
-Vishnu (protector)
- Shiva (destroyer)
-Reincarnation:An individual soul or spirit is born again
and again until moksha is achieved.
-Karma: A soul's good or bad deeds follow into
reincarnations, influencing caste, health, wealth, etc.
-Moksha: A state of perfect understanding of all things.
-Hinduism and Buddhism are a lot alike in their beliefs.

Buddhism

Leader and Beginnings Timeline-Siddhartha Gautama was born.
-At 29, Siddhartha goes out side four times, seeing an
old man, a sick man, a corpse, and a wandering holy
man seemingly at peace.
-He decided to spend his life seeking religious truth
and an end to life's suffering.
-He meditated for 49 days and achieved
enlightenment. He was, from then on, called the
Buddha.
-He taught 5 companions of his findings at his first
sermon. (the Four Noble truths and the Eightfold Path)
-The five companions were the first monks admitted
into the Buddhist Religious Order (sangha)

Holy Writings and Guidelines-There were four ideas that Buddha became
aware of in his enlightenment. These he called
the Four Noble Truths:
-Life is filled with suffering and sorrow.
-The cause of all suffering is people's
selfish desire for the temporary
pleasures of this world.
-The way to end all suffering is to end all
desires.
-The way to overcome such desires and attain
enlightenment is to follow the Eightfold path, which is called
the Middle Way between desires and self-denial.
-The Eightfold Path was a guide to achieving
enlightenment and reaching nirvana.

Beliefs and Influence
-Nirvana: Buddha's word to describe release from
selfishness and pain. State of complete understanding.
Reaching nirvana is the main idea of Buddhism.
-Instead of teaching of a deity, he taught of
enlightenment (wisdom).
- Accepted the Hindu idea of reincarnation.
-Accepted the idea that the world is created and
destroyed over and over again.
-Rejected the caste system.
-Many ideas in Buddhism are similar to Hinduism.
-Buddhism has influenced Asian religion society, and
culture for over 2500 years.

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