*you will see various Turkish letters and words in this book*

To Toast and Egga.

I am not called Papaya (or Penguin) though.

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© 2022 Hafsa Beltekoglu

I do not own these pictures... I think this is from the 14th century..

The Ottoman Empire was one of the greatest empires in history.

On most of the pages there is a summary of the most powerful rulers in the empire, with important events, like the fall of Constantinople, at the end.

Establishment

Osman I was the founder and first sultan of the Ottoman empire. He was born in 1258 CE in the city of Söğüt. Information on Osman's dream is on page 12.

Orhan I was the second ruler. According to Muslim scholar Ibn Battuta, Orhan was "the greatest of the Ottoman kings and the richest in wealth, lands, and military forces".

In 1361, Orhan's son, Murad I, conquered land which was located to the northwest of Constantinople. He attempted to bring European landowners into the Ottoman Empire's expanding territory.

Constantinople

The city was the capital of the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, the Latin Empire, and the Ottoman Empire. In 1930, it was renamed Istanbul. It is a city in present-day Turkey.

This is the cannon that sultan Mehmet used to break holes in the walls of Constantinople.

He called it the "Bear." There were also smaller cannons which he called "the Cubs."

Fall of Constantinople

The people of Constantinople tried to and succeeded to fixing the walls. Then, they put chains in the water to stop them from attacking from the sea, which was what they were planning to do.

Instead, they pulled the ships across the islands in the night and conquered the city. Mehmed died in 1481. His oldest son, Bayezid II, became the new Sultan.

Osman's Dream

Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire, had a dream in which a tree sprouted from his navel. As the tree grew, its shade covered the earth; as Osman's empire grew, it, too, covered the earth.

Here is a link to the Kuruluş Osman computer-enhanced video.

https://youtu.be/vceVCdqQx5Y (This is a long video.)

Rise

The Ottoman Empire reached its peak between 1520 and 1566, during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. This period was marked by great power, stability, and wealth.