Statistics is the science and art of collecting, analyzing and drawing conclusions from data. It is used in everyday life to make predictions, quality testing, census, sampling, inferences, and causality. It keeps us informed about what is happening in the world around us.

Probability expresses the chance or likelihood of an incident occurring. The value of probability ranges from zero to one. There are several circumstances in which we would predict the outcome of an event in real life.

A dot plot shows each data as a dot above its location on a number line. The shape can be roughly symmetric, skewed left, skewed right, unimodal, bimodal, or approximately uniform. It can have outliers, clusters, or gaps. The center is measured by median or mean. The spread is calculated using the range, interquartile range, and standard deviation.

A box plot is a visual representation of the five-number summary. It consists of the minimum, the first quartile, the median, the third quartile, and the maximum. This graph does not show gaps, clusters, and peaks from the quantitative data.

A density curve models the distribution of a quantitative variable with a curve that is always on or above the horizontal axis and has an area of exactly one underneath it. The area under the curve and above the interval of values estimates the proportion of all observations that fall in that interval.

A scatterplot shows the relationship between two quantitative variables measured on the same individuals. Each individual in the data set appears as a point in the graph. The correlation measures the direction and strength of the association.

Experimental design is the process of carrying out research in an objective and controlled fashion so that precision is maximized, and specific conclusions can be drawn regarding a hypothesis statement.