The quantitative method is based on collecting numbers and measurable data to study a phenomenon. Its objective is to count, compare and analyze these data objectively.

Methods

The qualitative method is a form of research that seeks to understand how people think, feel or act. It does not use numbers or statistics; this method collects descriptions and opinions.

Techniques

Is a specific tool used to collect information or data within a research method. It serves to implement the method and obtain the data needed to analyze a topic or problem.

Quantitative method techniques: 

- Structured survey: Closed questions (e.g., yes/no, multiple choice).

- Structured observation: You observe and tell or rate what you see.

- Standardized tests: Exams or tests with numerical results.

Qualitative method techniques

- Interview: structured, semi-structured or unstructured.

- Focus group: Focus Group.

- Unstructured observation

- Document analysis

Tools/Instruments for Data Collection

Quantitative method:

-Questionnaire: A list of pre-defined questions given to people to obtain information.

-Checklist: A tool used to mark whether or not something happened during an observation.

-Standardized Test: A test with questions that are the same for everyone, designed to measure knowledge or skills.

Qualitative method

-Interview Guide: A list of questions to follow during an interview.

-Focus Group: A plan with questions to guide a group conversation.

-Field Notes: Notes made while observing something, without intervening.

-Document Analysis Template: A format for reviewing documents in an organized way.

Surveys

-Structured process to obtain information from many people.

-Questionnaire with closed-ended questions such as multiple choice, scales.

-Collect quantitative data that can be counted and analyzed.

-Ideal for large groups of people.

Interviews

-Direct technique where the researcher asks questions to the participants to obtain information.

-Details and points of view are obtained that other techniques do not capture.

-They are more flexible and in-depth than closed-ended questionnaires.

-It can be carried out in person, by telephone or video call. Individual or group.

Focus Group

-It is a technique where several people are brought together to discuss a specific topic. 

The moderator is the person who guides the conversation:

     +Introduces the topic

     +Asks questions

     +Prevents one person from dominating

     +Encourages everyone to participate

-Can record audio or video to analyze the answers later.

Observation

-It is a way of collecting data by intentionally, systematically and selectively observing what happens in a real situation, without necessarily asking questions.

 -Types of conditions:

      +Natural: Observed without intervention.

      +Controlled: A situation is provoked to see how they react.

-Types of observation:

     +Participant The researcher becomes involved in the group's activities.

     +Non-participant Only observes without participating, from the outside.