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Cells are the basic unit of life. Organelles are 

structures within cells and cells make up tissues, 

which work together to complete a specific function. 

Tissues in turn compose organs. Organs come in 

systems and all of the systems of organs come to 

make your body. 

Organelles are structures within cells that perform 

specific functions. One such organelle is the smooth 

endoplasmic reticulum(smooth ER)

The smooth ER is responsible for synthesizing lipids, 

absorbing fats from the digestive tract, and metabolizing 

drugs in the cell. The smooth ER is cylindrical.

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) is 

responsible for synthesizing proteins that will move 

through it and then travel to another organelle and the 

Golgi apparatus for more processing. 

The rough ER is covered with dot-like structures called 

ribosomes. The ribosomes are where protein synthesis 

occurs. 

The Golgi apparatus is a stack of usually six membranous 

sacs that are relatively flat in shape. This organelle is 

responsible for refining, packaging, and transporting 

synthesized proteins coming from the ER.

These proteins arrive at the Golgi apparatus inside of 

vesicles.

Lysosomes are small membranous sacs that contain 

enzymes. The acidic pH of them allows the lysosomal 

enzymes to function. Lysosomal enzymes break down 

both nutritional molecules and foreign ones. 

For example, lysosomal enzymes break down 

cholesterol, toxins, and drugs in liver cells. 

Mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouse of 

the cell because hey are the site of vital chemical 

reactions for capturing and storing energy from nutrient 

molecules. 

Mitochondria are sacs that are long and fluid filled. They 

have an inner and outer layer.

Vesicles are membranous sacs that are responsible for 

storing or transporting substances within and between 

cells. 

Ribosomes are where protein synthesis occurs. 

Ribosomes are connected to the membranes of the 

endoplasmic reticulum, especially that of the rough ER. 

They are also found throughout the cell in cytoplasm. 

Clusters of ribosomes found in cytoplasm are called 

polysomes and have the ability to distribute large 

amounts of protein.

The cytoskeleton, the skeleton of the cell, is an extensive 

network of protein rods and tubules that forms a 

framework inside of the cytoplasm.

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