I dedicate this book to all literacy lovers!

ccuracy

Accuracy: The Role of Decoding and Cross- language transfer. Accuracy is understanding the link between letters and their sounds. Identifying high-frequency words without having to decode them. Examples in practice include modeling and sound links "sh, th, ch". One of the keys to reading a text fluently is a high level of accuracy. In order to read a text accurately, students must understand the relationship that exist between letters and the sounds that those letters make.

ackground Knowledge

Background Knowledge is information that is essential to understanding a situation. In this case when a CLD students can connect the concepts of being presented in the text to his or her background knowledge, understanding of the text is greatly enhanced and the message the author is trying to convey is more readily understood.

omprehension

Reading Comprehension requires the student to interact with the text and connect the information being read to his or her background knowledge. Comprehension is the key to developing deep constructs of fluency among CLD students. To be considered a fluent reader "the person should be able to decode and comprehend at the same time".

evelopment

Development is the the act or process of growing or causing something to grow or become larger or more advanced. — Often the development of the English language. Interactive learning groups are a valuable tool for supporting CLD student's fluency development because of the language modeling that occurs during group participation. To develop proficiency with academic language, in particular CLD students need daily opportunities to read, write, speak and listen in all content areas.

lements

Element: a part or aspect of something abstract, especially one that is essential or characteristic. The Elements of Reading include, Comprehension—The ability to understand information presented in written form. Phonics—Knowledge of sounds and letter relationships and how they are used in reading and writing. Phonemic awareness—Awareness of rhyme, onset/rime, syllables and phonemes. Vocabulary—Body of words used in a particular language. Fluency—The flow of a readers delivery in an oral reading.

luency

Fluency is the ability to read a text accurately, quickly, and with expression. Fluency is important because it provides a bridge between word recognition and comprehension. Fluency instruction for CLD students largely focuses on acccuracy, automaticity, and prosody, the surface constructs of fluency.

raphophonic

Graphophonic cues involve the letter-sound or sound-symbol relationships of language as well as to make meaning. Readers identifying unknown words by relating speech sounds to letters or letter patterns are using graphophonic cues. Graphonphonic connections help CLD students make connections to the sounds of native language and recognize the similarities between these sounds.

C oral Reading

Choral Reading is a collaborative strategy in which a whole group reads a text aloud together. This activity encourages CLD students to mimic the pronunciation and rhythm of reading in English. Choral Reading also provides a safegaurd for language practice through repetition that reduces the affective filter for CLD students.

ntonation

Intonation refers to a language's characteristics patterns of pitch. Two main intonation patterns of the English language are rising and falling.

azz Chants

Jazz chants are catchy repetitive drills that draw attention to the rhythm and kinesthetic properties of utterances. Jazz chants can be powerful tools to help students achieve greater naturalness in English and overcome blocks in prononciation, thereby increasing fluency.

nowledge

Knowledge is facts, information, and skills acquired by a person through experience or education. Reading books can change your life, reading will allow you to gain fluency, knowledge, and power.

inguistics

Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure, including the study of morphology, syntax, phonetics, and semantics. Specific branches of linguistics include sociolinguistics, dialectology, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, historical-comparative linguistics, and applied linguistics.

etacognition

Metacognition is the ability to think about one's own thinking. To read a text fluently, CLD students need to be able to monitor their thinking and assess their understandings.

Syma tics

Semantics is the branch of linguistics and logic concerned with meaning, Semantic cues help CLD students understand the meaning base of the English words as they are found in the sentence.

rthography

Orthography is the linguistic study of written language. When CLD students are skilled at reading and writing in the native language, they can use their knowledge of orthographic markers in the native language to better understand those found in English.

rosody

The aspects of oral reading that allow it to sound expressive are known as prosody. Prosody includes intonation, stress, tempo, and the rhythmic patterns of language. Prosody plays an important role in communicating the meaning of the written word and is a powerful part of fluency development.

uestioning

Questioning extends students learning by prompting them to use higher order thinking skills to summarize key concepts and apply them in different contexts.