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The periodic table is a system of organizing elements in different categories based on similarities.

What is the periodic table?

One of the most basic methods of organization in the periodic table is the atomic numbers, these purely give each element a number located on the top left of the card. The number is assigned based on the number of protons in an atom, meaning that the protons also define the atom's identity. The Atomic number also dictates that the larger that atomic number is the further right and downwards the element is placed

Groups/families

Groups and periods are both the same thing, the way they work is that they group all of the elements with the same number of valence electrons(the electrons on the last circle around the nucleus into columns. So if an element is on top of another one then you know they have the same number of valence electrons. Periods explain how many energy levels

(the circles around the nucleus) are

in an element. They make all of the

elements in a row the same period.

Element locations

Nonmetals -brittle, bad conductors, non-lustrous (dull), not strong

Metals - Lustrous(shiny), good conductors, malleable, solid

Metalloids - A mixture of both

Valence electrons are what determines the reactivity of an element. The way this works is essentially for an element to become stable they must get 8 or 0 valence electrons, so when an element from the first 4 groups is put with another it will react by giving away all of its valence electrons and become stable. They do this because it is easier for them to give there 1, 2, 3 or 4 valence electrons rather than having to take another element's. The opposite happens to the elements in the next 4 groups since it is easier for them to take rather than giving away.

Valence Electrons

Periodic table families

Pages(8-16)

Akali metals