Families & Periods

What do elements in the same family have in common? They have the same amount of valence electrons and have similar chemical properties. What do elements in the same period have in common? They have the same energy shells. 

Role Of Protons

The protons form the nucleus and help bind it together. The number of protons determines the atomic number and the atomic numbers go in order one through one hundred eighteen. 

      Elemental Properties

Metals are malleable and Conductive. Metal makes up most of the periodic table. Around ninety-one elements are metal. Metals are ductile and are luster. Non-Metals are dull and brittle. You probably use them in your everyday life, non-metals make electrical wires and cooking utensils. Metalloids have both of the properties of metals and Non-Metals.

       Valence Electrons

Valence Electrons are very important. They determine an atom's stability, for example when an element has eight valence electrons it means it's stable. Valence electrons changes an atom's reactivity. When an element has eight electrons it is considered less reactive.  

               Alkali Metals

Alkali metals are malleable, conductive, ductile, and lustre.  "Each alkali metal atom has a single electron in its outermost shell." (“Alkali Metal | Definition, Properties, & Facts | Britannica”) Alkali metals are used in glass and borax which is something people use almost every day. Three alkali metals are Lithium, Caesium, Rubidium.

Alkaline Earth Metals

They are highly metallic and great conductors. Some examples of these metals are Beryllium, Barium, and Radium. Calcium is another alkaline earth metal it's used in everyday life its in milk and over the counter medication.  Magnesium is also another alkaline earth metal and its in black beans, spinach and tofu.

Transition Metals

Transition metals have high melting/boiling points. They also have high densities and form compounds that are often paramagnetic. Some transitions metals include Iron, Titanium, Platinum, and Osmium. Transitions metals are used in electrical wires, water pipes and printed circuit boards.