Table of contents

Chapter 1...Governments...page 4

Chapter 2...Exploration...page 8

Chapter 3...Colonization...page 12

Chapter 4...Scientific Revolution...page 16

Chapter 5...Enlightenment...page 20

Chapter 6...American Revolution...page 24

Chapter 7...French Revolution and Napoleon...page 28

Chapter 8...Latin American Revolutions...page 32

Chapter 9...Industrial Revolution...page 36

Chapter 10...Imperialism...page 40

Chapter 11...World War I...page 44

Chapter 12...World War II...page 48

Chapter 13...Cold War...page 52

Chapter 14...Modern World...page 56

Continued...

Governments

Why is it significant?

Governments are significant because they are the foundation for how a country operates. They make the rules, keep peace and order, and listen to the people (should).

Chapter 1

An important event..

An important event that correlates with governments is Napoleon's Coup d'etat. This was held on November 9-10, 1799. This is a bloodless revolution where General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the French Directory. In place of the Directory the French Consulate was created with Napoleon as the first consul. This is important because it was the beginning of a better time, and the end of a bad one for the French people by overthrowing their government.

An important person...

An important person relating to governments could certainly be Baron de Montesquieu. He came up with major governmental ideas such as seperation of power by adding a third branch, and checks and balances. His third branch was the Judicial branch, or the courts. Without him, most governments, including the US government, wouldn't even resemble what they are today.

An important invention...

An important invention relating to governments would be the idea of popular sovereignty. This was invented by Jean-Jacques Rousseau. It is how what the majority of people want is what should happen. This has affected many governments by the fact of voting for example. That is quite literally popular sovereignty.

Exploration

Why is it significant?

Exploration is significant because it is how and why many lands, like the US, were found. There was a lust for colonies starting in about the 15th century (1400s). The 3 main reasons for exploration were to get gold, for glory and adventure, and spreading their religion. Some countries even had to go war for colonies. Exploration was a major thing in history.

Chapter 2

An important event...

An important event involving exploration was Hernan Cortes' conquering of the Aztecs. His most important weapon was disease. The Aztecs were not accustomed to smallpox and it killed many of them. Without his conquering of the Aztecs, Mexico wouldn't exactly be here. This also a pivotal movement that proved nations were ready to fight for colonies.

An important person...

An important person relevant to exploration is Francisco Pizarro. He was the Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire. He was also Hernan Cortes' cousin. He used his advanced weaponry and some trickery in order to conquer them. He was important due to the fact of the Inca Empire not existing today, and that the Spanish held their land for a long time. South America would be very different without him.

An important invention...

An important invention made during exploration was the astrolabe. The astrolabe was used to find the position of the stars in order to discover your location (latitude). Without this, early explorers wouldn't have been able to find the Americas and sail around the world to find other lands.

Colonization

Why is it significant?

Colonization is significant because it is when explorers and colonizers started to come to the Americas and create the countries we know today.

Chapter 3

An important event...

An important event that happened during colonization was the Amistad Revolt. This was a revolt by African slaves in order to regain their freedom. They broke free from their chains, captured the deck, and started to attempt to sail back to Africa. They were tricked and ended up in Long Island, New York. The court tried them after being arrested, and they were deemed innocent and were set free.

An important person...

A important person from colonization is Vasco de Gama. He was the first European to sail around Africa to get to Asia. When he got there, he set up colonies for Portugal along the coast of India.

An important invention...

An important invention made for colonization could be the caravel. This was a lightweight ship that was important for travel during colonization. The caravel made long distance travel possible.

The Scientific Revolution

Why is it significant?

The scientific revolution is important because it is the first time logic and reasoning was used rather than religious beliefs and demanding proof. Many scientific advancements and theories were made. many concepts and theories are still used or are built up on nowadays.

Chapter 4

An important event...

An important event during the Scientific Revolution is when Galileo was put under house arrest by the Catholic Church. This was due to the theories he tested and proved. The church's reasoning for arresting him was that the bible proves it wrong, he doubted it himself a while ago, and they threatened excommunication towards him if he didn't stop.

An important person...

An important person who made a difference during the Scientific Revolution is Francis Bacon. He invented the scientific method, and it is still used today in research and experiments. Many scientific discoveries couldn't have been found without his scientific method.

An important invention...

An important invention created during the Scientific Revolution was the improved telescope. This telescope was invented by Galileo, and it helped him prove the heliocentric theory. Without the heliocentric theory, many things wouldn't be possible, including space travel. It can all be traced back to Galileo's improved telescope and his proving of the heliocentric theory.

The Enlightenment

Chapter 5

Why is it significant?

The enlightenment is important because it brought new political concepts to play and improved society. This was all done by just applying reason to society.

Voltaire

An important event

An important event that happened during the enlightenment is William of Orange and Mary's Glorious Revolution. This is when they were invited by Parliament to take the throne from King James II (Mary's father). They marched in with an army and took the throne in a bloodless revolution in 1688. Parliament made them sign the English Bill of Rights in 1689 as repayment for taking the throne. This was important because it made England one of the first countries with a limited government.

An important person...

An important person in the enlightenment is John Locke. John Locke came up with 3 natural rights for all people. These include life, liberty, and the right to own property. He also believed in a social contract between the government and people, and if the government did not protect the rights of the people, they had the right to overthrow it and create a new one. John Locke's ideas can be seen throughout history and governments.

An important invention...

An important invention from the enlightenment could be the concept of Popular Sovereignty. This was created by Jean-Jacque Rousseau as a way to get what most of society wants. This is essentially voting, and this is what people wanted in these times.

The American Revolution

Chapter 6

Why is it significant?

The American Revolution is significant because it is when America was created, being a role model for other countries and becoming a major power in the world. (1764-1781)

An important event...

An important event that happened during the American Revolution is when the British signed the Treaty of Paris. This ended the American Revolution and recognized America as a separate country. This was signed in 1783.

An important person...

An important person who held a role in the American Revolution is George Washington. He was the Commander in Chief of the Continental Army in the fight against the British, later to be named the first President of The United States of America. He helped the US win the war and gain their independence.

An important invention...

An important invention that was created during the American Revolution is the Declaration of Independence. This was the first written document addressing why the US started to revolt against the British. This inspired many other things in the world like the French starting their own revolution.

The French Revolution and Napoleon

Chapter 7

Why is it significant?

The French Revolution is significant because it is how France got a limited government, even though it took forever and a lot of lives. It also helped inspire other revolutions such as ones in Latin America. Napoleon is important because he starts to conquer Europe ultimately reshaping the entire place. (1789-99)

An important event in the French Revolution was the Storming of the Bastille. It was when a large crowd gathered around the Bastille (a prison and armory) on July 14, 1789 and they set prisoners free and armed themselves with weapons. This is important because it kick-started the French Revolution.

An important event...

An important person...

An important person in the French Revolution is Maximilien Robespierre. He was the guy in charge of the Committee of Public Safety. He is responsible for the 40,000 deaths on the guillotine. This is called the Reign of Terror, and it was ended when Robespierre was executed on a guillotine (funny right?).

An important invention...

An important invention from the French Revolution is the guillotine. This infamous invention is responsible for more than 40,000 deaths. Those 40,000 people could have made a big difference so this invention is very significant.

Latin American Revolutions

Chapter 8

Why is it significant?

The Latin American Revolutions are significant because they weren't separate countries until these revolutions, they were colonies ruled by colonial powers like Spain, Portugal, and France.

An important event...

An important event that occurred during the Latin American Revolutions is when Simon Bolivar met José de San Martín in Peru to push the Spanish out of South America. This is significant because this is when the Spanish lost all control in the Americas.

An important person...

An important person involved with the Latin American Revolutions is Toussaint Louverture. He led 500,000 slaves to overthrow the French in Haiti, establishing their own government.

An important invention...

An important invention made during the Latin American Revolutions is Simon Bolivar's book, Carta de Jamaica. It focuses on his response to a letter from Henry Cullen and how South America would operate after independence.

The Industrial Revolution

Chapter 9

Why is it significant?

The Industrial Revolution is significant because it changed many cultures and standard ways of doing things worldwide. This was mainly in the 18th and 19th centuries.

An important event...

An important event that happened during the Industrial Revolution is when Samuel Slater slipped out of Great Britain to the US in 1789 and teaches them about the spinning jenny, ultimately starting US industrialism.

An important person...

An important person from the age of industrialism is Matthew Perry. He introduced modern technology to Japan in 1853 when he brought steam-powered warships to to Japan. He caused them to industrialize and helped them get on the track of becoming a technology superpower.