Chapter 1: Government.......... (4-7)

Chapter 2: Exploration..........(8-11)

Chapter 3: Colonization..........(12-15)

Chapter 4: Scientific Revolution..........(16-19)

Chapter 5: The Enlightenment..........(20-23)

Chapter 6: American Revolution..........(24-27)

Chapter 7: French Revolution and Napoleon......(28-31)

Chapter 8: Latin American Revolutions...(32-35)

Chapter 9: Industrial Revolution..........(36-39)

Chapter 10: Imperialism..........(40-43)

Chapter 11: World War I..........(44-47)

Chapter 12: World War II..........(48-51)

Chapter 13: Cold War..........(52-55)

Chapter 14: Modern World..........(56-59)

Chapter 1: Government

The different types of governments that were made to have more control in society, economics, and governments were republic, democracy, absolute monarchy, constitutional monarchy, authoritarian, and totalitarian. All of these governments were classified as limited or unlimited government. These types of governments determine the power of the people and the power of the government. The development of most of these types of governments came about near the Age of Enlightenment (1685-1815).

Important Events

The Magna Carta played a huge part in the government history. King John was the leader during the time that they were in a war with the French and at the time that the Magna Carta was brought up. The nobles were upset with his commands and forced the king to sign the Magna Carta.

Influencers in the Government

King Louis XIV was the king of France from 1643 until he died. He endowed with divine right. Divine right (God's mandate) is the grant to rule as king from the gods. This gave power to the absolute monarchs, which included King Louis XIV.

Government Technology

A special technology used to vote personally without someone over your shoulder is the electronic voting booth. Although the electronic voting booth sounds cool, it can also be very dangerous. It can be dangerous because it is so easy for someone to hack into the booth and see your vote, which is illegal.

Chapter 14: Exploration

Exploration is the founding and development of places and colonies. Many explorers found, settled, and conquered many places that we live in now.

Important Events

Many places were discovered and conquered and discovered by explorers. They were competing to be the first to find new land and settle. One event that is very important in world history is the founding of "The New World". The New World was founded by an Italian navigator named Christopher Columbus in 1942.

Influencers in Exploration

Many different explorers influenced the history of exploration. One explorer made a big impact on the exploration age. Ferdinand Magellan was a Portuguese explorer. He sailed around sailed around South America. He entered a sea that was peaceful, or pacific. He named it the Pacific Ocean. When he reached the Philippines he was killed. He became the first to circumnavigate the world.

Exploration technology

Explorers lacked the technology they needed to sail and succeed. One of the pieces of technology that they used was the astrolabe. The astrolabe is an instrument used make astronomical measurements. This is also used in navigation in calculating altitude.

Chapter 3: Colonization

Colonization mostly started in the 15th century. Many events did and will change the history of colonization forever. There are also many historic events that happened because of colonization. One historic event was the invention of the Silk Road.

Important Events

A very important event during the colonization era was the invention of Triangular Trade. This was a way of trading whereas everyone would get what they needed and get it fairly. This started when Europeans started trading food and other materials. Later, Africa traded slaves to America. Lastly, America traded crops and materials to Europe.

Influencers in Colonization

Christopher Columbus was a famous explorer who started the colonization of the Americas.

Technology in Colonization

There was a lot of technology that was needed to colonize, settle, and find places. One piece of technology was the octant. The octant is the arc of a circle used to measure things. It was also helpful when traveling overseas.

Chapter 4: The Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution was born out of the advancements made in the areas of science and math in the late 1500s and early 1600s. New truths and new research challenged previous thought processes and studies. Scientists began to question ancient theories and the orthodox teachings of the Roman Catholic Church. These scientists began using reason or logic instead of placing their beliefs in faith and demanding evidence or proof.

Important Events

Many events in the scientific revolution led to many other theories and discoveries. One event that led to great theories and discoveries is when Sir Isaac Newton discovered gravity and the 3 Laws of Motion. He also discovered that the Earth is not perfectly round and light is a combination of the colors of the rainbow.

Influencers in the Scientific Revolution

One person that influenced the Scientific revolution was Francis Bacon. Francis Bacon was the scientist that created the Scientific Method. The Scientific Method is a systematic way to find proof using reason. There were originally 6 steps to the Scientific Method.

Technology in the Scientific Revolution.

The telescope was a tool that was made by a scientist named Galileo Galilei.

Chapter 5: The Age of Enlightenment

The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that was inspired by the Scientific Revolution, which applied "reason" to society to help improve society.

Important Events in the Age of Enlightenment

An important event in the Enlightenment was the making of the social contract. The social contract was a theory by Jean-Jacques Rousseau that the idea of government was an agreement between social groups as a way of structuring themselves in a mutually beneficial manner.

Influencers in the Age of Enlightenment

There were four main philosophers in the Age of Enlightenment. One of the philosophers was named John Locke. He was the philosopher that saw the state of nature as a good place and the social contract as a voluntary agreement to enhance life. John Locke also believed that all humans were born with natural rights. Those rights were life, liberty, and the right to own property.

Technology in the Age of Enlightenment

A piece of technology that was invented during the Age of Enlightment was the diving bell. The diving bell is a type of technology that uses leather tubes and lead- lined barrels to supply fresh air underwater.



Chapter 6: American Revolution

The American Revolution was a colonial revolt that happened between 1765 and 1783. The American Patriots and the Thirteen Colonies won2 independence from Great Britain, becoming the united States of America.

Important Events in The American Revolution

There were around 12 events that happened during the American Revolution. One of the big events that happened was the Boston Massacre also known as the Incident on King Street. This was an incident that happened on March 5, 1770, in which British Army soldiers shot and killed several people when being attacked by a mob.

Leaders American Revolution

There were more than 30 leaders during the American Revolution. One of the most important leaders during this time was George Washington. He was the first president of the United States of Americas.

Technology in the American Revolution

Bifocals were invented during the American Revolution. Bifocals are a pair of eyeglasses having lenses with two parts with different focal lengths.

Chapter 7: The French Revolution and Napoleon

The French Revolution was inspired by the American Revolution and The Enlightenment. It was inspired by the Enlightenment because the events that happened during that time made the people want something different so they revolted.

Important Events in the French Revolution

The Reign of Terror was when Maximilien Robespierre took control. During the Reign of Terror anyone that was suspected of being unloyal to the revolution was killed. Roughly 40,000 people were killed including Marie Antoinette. A huge National Army was raised to fight nations trying to invade France. The French were angry due to the constant war and executions.

Leaders in the French Revolution

Napoleon Bonaparte was a French statesman and military leader and was a influencer in the French Revolution. He also led many successful campaigns during the French Revolutionary Wars.

Technology in the French Revolution

The guillotine was the main piece of technology used heavily during the French Revolution. This is a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves. This was used during the Reign of Terror to behead people.

Chapter 8: Latin American Revolutions

Spain and Portugal held colonies in Latin America for over 300 years. The American and French Revolutions will spark these outbreaks. Social order was one of the main causes of these revolutions.

Important Events in the Latin American Revolutions

One of the important events during this time was when the Mexicans challenged Spain. Two Catholic Priests led mestizos and Native Americans against Spain. Those Priests were Miguel Hidalgo and Jose Maria Morelos. In 1832, Mexico was declared a republic. Many other countries follow them.

Leaders during the Latin American Revolutions

One leader out of many was Simon Bolivar. While all the other revolutions were in action, he led revolts in Venezuela, Colombia, and Ecuador. Later he joins San Martin in Peru to defeat the Spanish Army.

Technology in the Latin American Revolutions

The Treaty of Tordesillas was an agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflict over newly discovered land.

Chapter 9: Industrial Revolution

This led to changes economic, cultural and political systems. This was also mainly new inventions.

Important Events in the Industrial Revolution

The Enclosure Movement was when wealthy farmers bought land from small farmers, then benefited from economies of scale in farming huge tracts of land.

Influencers in the Industrial Revolution

Eli Whitney was an American inventor. He influenced the Industrial Revolution when he invented the cotton gin. This machine that he made cleaned cotton 50 times faster than the average person.